Welding shielding gas saver device

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a means of saving a significant amount of shielding gas, primarily in the metal inert gas (MIG) welding process. The invention significantly reduces a major reason for shielding gas waste, which is excess shielding gas storage in the hose connecting the shielding gas source to the welding machine. Other methods employed over the years to achieve the objective of reducing shielding gas waste have been complex, subject to leaks or were not sufficiently robust for the environment in which they are used therefore are not widely employed. The present invention consists of a hose connecting the shielding gas supply to the welding machine, which has a small internal volume. The outside diameter of the shielding gas delivery hose is sufficiently large and robust to provide satisfactory service in a welding fabricating environment. The volume of gas stored in the gas delivery hose when the welding system is in the stand-by or non-welding mode is 25 to 30% of that contained in shielding gas delivery hoses commonly employed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] Not applicable.

BACKGROUND

[0002] 1. Field of Invention

[0003] This invention relates to savings 50% or more of shielding gas primarily in the MIG welding process while improving weld start quality.

[0004] 2. Description of Prior Art

[0005] Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is commonly referred to as metal inert gas welding (MIG). The term MIG welding is used for the purposes of this invention. In the MIG welding process molten metal is produced by an electric arc. This molten metal is derived from the materials to be welded and a filler wire. The filler wire is fed into the arc zone by a feeding mechanism. The molten weld metal is protected from the surrounding air by a shielding gas. A suitable power source is connected between the workpiece to be welded and to the filler wire passing though a welding torch. Welding power, welding filler wire and shielding gas are usually transported through the torch. The welding torch is usually attached to a flexible cable assemble and is manipulated by the welding operator.

[0006] The shielding gas employed to protect the molten metal formed by the electric arc can be a number of gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, and helium. Mixtures of these and small amounts of other gases are employed to provide the desired welding performance. This shielding gas is often supplied in high-pressure cylinders, one associated with each weld station. Fabricating shops with a large number of MIG welders may have the shielding gas distributed to each welding machine through a delivery pipeline from a centrally located gas source. A pressure-controlling regulator is employed to reduce the shielding gas pressure contained in the high-pressure cylinder or in the delivery pipeline to a lower pressure level. When an inert type gas or gas mixture is used it is common for this pressure to be reduced to a preset level of 25 psig (pounds per square inch above atmospheric pressure), 30 psig, or in some common regulators designed for shielding gas delivery service, 50 psig. The exact fixed output pressure level of the regulator is dependent on the manufacturer and model. For installations using carbon dioxide as a shielding gas supplied in cylinders, it is common to employ a regulator with 80 psig fixed output. This higher outlet pressure reduces the possible formation of ice crystals in the regulator/flow control system as the carbon dioxide gas pressure is reduced. A variable flow control valve or suitable flow control device is incorporated immediately after of the regulator or is built into the regulator mechanism. This flow control device allows regulation of the shielding gas flow to the appropriate rate needed for welding. The flow control device may incorporate a flow measurement gauge.

[0007] It is also common for a flexible hose to be used to deliver the shielding gas from the cylinder or gas pipeline regulator and flow control device to the welding machine or wire-feeding device. It is most common for this hose to be ¼ inch in internal diameter. In some instances the hose may be {fraction (3/16)} inches in inside diameter. Some low current output welding machines, primarily designed for home use application, employ short lengths, usually less than 3 feet, of smaller diameter hose, small in internal and external diameter. To turn the flow of shielding gas on and off in commercial MIG welding systems, it is common to employ an electrically operated gas solenoid in the wire feeder or welding machine. A flexible hose connects the shielding gas supply to the solenoid at the welding machine. This hose is typically about 6 to 20 feet or longer in length to fit the needs of the welding installation. When welding is started, usually by means of an electrical switch on the welding torch, the gas solenoid is opened allowing shielding gas to flow through the welding torch to the weld zone. The electrical switch may simultaneously engage the wire feed mechanism and power source.

[0008] In most systems the flow of shielding gas is controlled by a flow control valve or other suitable flow control device at the regulator. The flow control device is adjusted to achieve the desired shielding gas flow. It is common for this flow to be set from 20 cubic feet per hour (CFH) to a 40 CFH. Gas flows much in excess of this level can cause turbulence in the shielding gas stream as it exits the welding torch. This turbulence allows the surrounding air to be aspirated into the gas-shielding stream, degrading weld performance. In many systems, the pressure at the electrically operated gas solenoid needed to provide the proper flow of shielding gas is less than 5 to 10 psig. Therefore while welding is being performed, the pressure in the shielding gas delivery hose can be less than 5 to 10 psig.

[0009] While welding, the electric solenoid valve is open, and the gas pressure in the gas delivery hose is only that needed to establish the desired flow. The flow control device at the regulator is set for the desired shielding gas flow rate and indirectly establishes this pressure. This flow control device may incorporate a flow-measuring gauge to allow proper adjustment of shielding gas flow. Portable flow control gauges are also available. To use a portable gauge, it is put over the end of the torch, the wire feed mechanism is temporarily disengaged and the welding machine is activated with the torch held upward, away from the workpiece. The portable gauge is then used to set the proper shielding gas flow by adjusting the flow control device near the regulator. When the proper shielding gas flow is set and welding commences the pressure in the gas delivery hose near the solenoid is typically less than 5 to 10 psig depending on the torch type, length, and plumbing restrictions. When welding is stopped the solenoid closes and flow of shielding gas from the solenoid to the torch stops. However, the gas flow continues to fill the gas delivery hose until the gas pressure in the hose reaches the pressure set by the regulator. The pressure in the gas delivery hose than rises from what was needed to establish the proper flow level to the outlet pressure of the regulator, typically 25 psig, 30 psig, 50 psig, or 80 psig as mentioned above. The excess pressure stores shielding gas in the gas delivery hose connecting the regulator/flow control device to the welding machine or wire feeder until the solenoid is opened again at the start of the next weld. Once the weld is restarted, this excess shielding gas is expelled very rapidly, usually within less than about ½ to 3 seconds. These shielding gas flow rates can momentarily reach in excess of 100 CFH, much higher than needed and also higher than desirable for good weld quality. Weld start quality can be impaired because of excess shielding gas flow creating air aspiration into the shielding gas stream. The wasted shielding gas, although small for each occurrence, can be very significant over time. Depending on the number of starts and stops versus the overall welding time, the wasted shielding gas can exceed 50% of the total gas usage. An article in the June 2000 Fabricator Magazine (referenced) sites the fact that most shops can reduce shielding gas consumption 50 to 80%. A significant waste is described as attributable to the excess storage of shielding gas in a commonly employed ¼ inch inside diameter shielding gas delivery hose.

[0010] There have been devices sold which provide solutions to this problem:

[0011] (a) One device designed to reduce shielding gas loss is described in patent number 4341237. This device is of complex construction involving several mechanical elements to store and control this excess shielding gas. When properly functioning, this device does accomplish the objective of reducing shielding gas waste. However it has a number of interconnected parts and must be inspected periodically to assure gas does not leak from the numerous internal connections creating gas waste.

[0012] (b) Another method occasionally used to reduce gas surge upon the initiation of the welding arc is to incorporate a flow control orifice at the solenoid end of the shielding gas delivery hose. This device is sometimes sold with the intent to reduce gas waste. The device can give the perception that gas waste is eliminated since the momentary high gas flow surge at the start of welding is reduced, however the gas waste may still occur. Another possible way to incorporate such an orifice restriction is defined in U.S. Pat. No. 4,915,135. The orifice size is selected to restrict gas flow. Depending on the delivery pressure of the regulator these devices employ very small orifices, as small as about 0.030 inches. A filter is often employed to avoid these small orifices becoming clogged by metal flakes or dirt in the gas stream emanating from the cylinder or pipeline. However these devices are usually set to control the gas flow rate well above that desired. This is necessary since differing welding torches, torch lengths and internal plumbing restrictions require differing pressures at the solenoid to obtain the desired gas flow through the torch. The actual pressure needed at the solenoid is indirectly set at the flow control device usually located at the regulator as mentioned above.

[0013] Orifice restriction devices help reduce high flow gas surge at the weld start and the resulting degradation of the weld but often do not eliminate or significantly reduce shielding gas waste. The orifice size selected is usually significantly larger than needed to control the shielding gas flow at minimum needed levels. When welding has started, after a period of several seconds the flow-control device at the regulator determines the gas flow rate and indirectly the pressure at the solenoid valve. When welding, gas pressure in the shielding gas delivery hose at the solenoid valve end reduces to that needed to obtain the desired flow, for example for some torches and systems, 5 psig. This is usually significantly lower than the regulator fixed output pressure. At the end of welding, the gas solenoid closes and the pressure in the shielding gas delivery hose increases to the delivery pressure of the regulator, i.e. 25, 30, 50, or 80 psig. Once welding commences the restriction orifice in most instances is not reducing shielding gas flow to the level established by the orifice. After several seconds, the flow rate reduces to the lower level set at the flow control device near or built into the regulator. Therefore the pressure in the welding gas delivery hose near the solenoid end reduces to the level needed to achieve the desired flow, perhaps 5 psig. Experiments show, once the solenoid valve is open at the start of welding, even when a typical flow restriction orifice is used in the system, a majority of the excess gas stored in the shielding gas delivery hose passes through the torch in about 3 seconds or less. Therefore if the weld occurs for more than about 3 seconds in time, a similar amount of excess shielding gas is lost as if the restriction orifice was not present. The loss takes longer to occur, perhaps about 3 seconds, but it occurs. In addition, if the orifice were sized to restrict flow to exactly that needed by the system to achieve the desired flow there is no excess shielding gas at the start. It is desirable to have some extra shielding gas at the weld start to purge the torch system of air. Air will defuse into the torch system downstream of the solenoid from the open end of the torch when welding is stopped.

[0014] (c) Another method of reducing shielding gas waste is by reducing the volume of shielding gas stored in the delivery hose. Assuming a given length hose is needed to achieve the desired welding machine configuration, the other dimension controlling the volume in the shielding gas delivery hose is the internal cross sectional area. A system was introduced commercially which used a small inside diameter shielding gas delivery hose to reduce volume (see L-TEC publication referenced). However this small inside diameter shielding gas delivery hose, 0.125 inch ID, was also small on the outside having an external diameter of 0.210-inches. This hose had only a 0.043 inch wall thickness. This system did not perform in the industrial environment to which it is subjected and was withdrawn from sale. This ratio of ID to OD hose size is typical of what is commercially available for small ID hoses designed for the pressure ranges involved. A typical ¼-inch inside diameter shielding gas delivery hose has an outside diameter of about 0.40 inches. This provides a hose with a wall thickness of about 0.075 inches. The larger outside diameter and thicker wall hose is much more durable in typical welding fabrication service than the smaller outside diameter hose. Standard commercially available small inside diameter hoses do not have the needed outside diameter and wall thickness to provide crush and abrasion resistance needed for a welding environment. The small outside diameter hose can also create more hose tangles in normal system use. Some small home use MIG welders do employ a small inside as well as outside diameter hose to deliver shielding gas very short distances from a small cylinder to the welder. This distance is usually less than 3 feet. These hoses are approximately 0.18 inch outside diameter and are unacceptably in an industrial environment.

SUMMARY, OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES

[0015] It is the principle object of the present invention to provide a means of delivering shielding gas to a MIG welding machine from a shielding gas source such as a high pressure cylinder or gas pipeline which minimizes the storage of shielding gas when the system is stopped and avoids wasted shielding gas each time the system is energized. This system can be used on most industrial MIG welders to obtain significant savings in shielding gas usage. It can be readily added to an existing installation as well as incorporated into new products. The system is designed to be simple, rugged, reliable and require little or no maintenance in an industrial environment. Since a significant amount of shielding gas is saved, fewer cylinders require changing in a given work period where high-pressure cylinders are employed The wasted time required to change cylinders is reduced and productivity of the welder increased. In addition to the gas savings, the gas flow surge at the start of welding is significantly reduced. This reduces the possibility of air aspiration in the shielding gas stream and resulting poor weld starts. Some additional shielding gas is still provided at the weld start to purge any air that will have backed into the end of the gas hose in the welding torch.

[0016] The shielding gas delivery hose in this invention shall have a small inside diameter to reduce shielding gas waste but be of sufficient outside diameter and robustness to be usable in a welding environment.

DRAWING FIGURES

[0017]FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a typical MIG welding system.

[0018]FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a typical TIG welding system.

[0019]FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a gas delivery hose connected to the welding system by a conventional connector on one side and a connector with a restricted internal passage on the other.

[0020]FIG. 4 is a schematic of a gas delivery hose connected to the welding system by a conventional hose splice to an existing gas delivery hoses which have been cut to a short lengths with one connector having a restricted internal passage.

[0021]FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a gas delivery hose connected to the welding system employing a connection means with a restricted internal passage and a filter media located in the hose.

DESCRIPTION—MAIN EMBODIMENT

[0022]FIG. 1 illustrates a typical MIG welding system. Shielding gas is often supplied in a cylinder 2 or can be supplied in a pipeline. With either a cylinder or a pipeline supply of shielding gas, a regulator 4 is employed to lower the pressure for delivery to the welder. A flow control device 6, which may be incorporated in combination with the regulator 4 as a gas regulator/flow-metering device, controls the rate of shielding gas flow in the system. A flexible shielding gas delivery hose 8 is employed to convey the shielding gas from the gas source to the welding machine. The shielding gas delivery hose 8 is commonly connected to an electrically operated solenoid 10 used to control the gas flow off and on. This gas solenoid 10 is incorporated on or near the welding wirefeed system 12. A torch switch 22 is usually utilized to activate the gas solenoid 10, the wire feed mechanism 18, and the power source 20. This wire feed system may contain a wire spool 14 and a wire feed mechanism 18. The shielding gas is delivered from the solenoid 10 by means of a gas hose 16, to the welding torch 24. A welding power source 20 is employed to deliver the welding power. The power source may be integral with the wire feed system or separate. The welding power and welding wire are also feed to the welding torch 24. The shielding gas, welding wire and welding power come together at the tip of the torch 28 and the workpiece to be welded 26, to form an electric arc.

[0023] In this invention, the delivery hose 8 should be of specific dimensions to minimize shielding gas waste. As a preferred size, it should have an inside diameter of about 0.10 to about 0.15 inches. It should also have an outside diameter of about 0.30 inches or larger to provide robust performance and avoid being pinched and shutting off the gas when stepped on. It should be at least about 3 feet in length to have sufficient gas saving benefit.

OPERATION—MAIN EMBODIMENT

[0024] Referring to FIG. 1. When welding is initiated, usually by closing the torch switch 22, the gas solenoid 10 is opened. Shielding gas flows from the cylinder 2, though the regulator 4, to flow control device 6, though the flexible shielding gas delivery hose 8, through the open solenoid 10, through the welding torch 24. The pressure in the shielding gas delivery hose 8 at the solenoid end is established by the restriction created by the flow control device 6 and the pressure drop in the hose and fittings caused by the flow of shielding gas. When welding is stopped, the solenoid 10 is closed, however shielding gas continues to flow into the gas delivery hose 8 until the pressure raises to the fixed output level of the regulator 4, which is commonly 25, 30, 50, or 80 psig. When welding is restarted, the excess gas pressure in the gas delivery hose 8 over that needed to produce the desired shielding gas flow rate is rapidly reduced to that governed by the flow control device 6. This produces a shielding gas flow rate in excess of that needed for the time it takes for the excess gas to leave the gas delivery hose 8. The majority of this excess shielding gas is wasted. A small amount of the extra gas is desirable to purge air quickly from the end of the torch system downstream of the solenoid that defuses into those areas during the period when the weld was stopped. By employing a small internal diameter gas delivery hose the amount of excess shielding gas is controlled and losses are kept to a minimum. The volume of excess gas is reduced substantially from that normally encountered in systems with commonly used shielding gas delivery hose sizes.

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION—ALTERNATE EMBODIMENT

[0025] (a) Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) or tungsten inert gas welding, TIG as is commonly refereed to utilizes a similar gas shielding mechanism to the MIG welding process. Therefore the welding shielding gas saver device described can be readily adapted to the TIG process with the primary benefit being the savings of shielding gas. Referring to FIG. 2, in the TIG process a gas cylinder 2 can be more than twenty feet from the welding torch 38. A regulator 4 and a flow control device 6 are attached to the gas supply be it a pipeline or cylinder. In some TIG welding systems an electrically operated shielding gas solenoid 10 is incorporated. This solenoid 10 is often energized by means of a foot switch 30. A shielding gas delivery hose 8 connects the flow control device 6 and the solenoid 10. From the solenoid 10 the gas will flow to the TIG torch 38 through a torch gas hose 32. As in the example described for MIG welding, the shielding gas delivery hose 8 will contain excess gas when the solenoid 10 is closed. In other simpler TIG systems, the TIG torch 38 has a manual valve 36 used to start and stop the flow of shielding gas. When a solenoid 10 is not used in these simpler systems, the gas delivery hose 8 is connected directly to the TIG torch gas hose 32. The gas delivery hose 8 and the TIG torch gas hose 32 will contain excess gas when the torch gas valve 36 is closed. That excess gas will escape when the valve is open upon starting the next weld. It is most common for the gas delivery hose 8 connecting the TIG torch and its cables and hoses to be one-quarter inch in inside diameter. A power supply 20 is connected to the TIG torch 38 though a power cable 34 and to the workpiece 26 though a cable 40. Using the same principles as described for the MIG system, the reduced volume gas delivery hose 8 will reduce the excess stored gas to approximately twenty five percent of that in the commonly used gas delivery hose.

[0026] (b) Referring to FIG. 3, it is possible to employ a restricting orifice at the gas solenoid end of the shielding gas delivery hose 8. This will further reduce gas surge at the weld start in addition to supplying the function of saving gas from the reduced internal volume of the gas delivery hose 8. This restricting orifice could be a separate device or be simply a controlled hole size in a fitting used to connect the gas saver, gas delivery hose 8 to the solenoid 10 in FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 3, a standard fitting 42 having the appropriate threads or connecting means is used to attach the gas delivery hose 8 to a flow control device 6 in FIG. 1. A special fitting 44 in FIG. 3 having the appropriate threads or connecting means is used to connect the gas delivery hose 8 to the solenoid 10 in FIG. 1.

[0027] (c) It is also possible on existing installations to avoid the purchase of special threaded fittings and utilize hose spice connectors. A special hose splice connection with a restricted internal passage can be used to reduce gas flow surge at the weld start. The existing gas hose is cut leaving only short ends attached to the flow control device and the solenoid. Referring to FIG. 4, a short length of hose to flow control 46 is put on one end of a hose splice connection 48. The short length hose to solenoid 52 is connected to a special hose splice fitting 50 which has a restricted internal passage. The gas delivery hose 8 is connected to the hose connection end on fittings 48 and 50.

[0028] (d) Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, when the restricted internal fittings 44 and 50 are employed, it may be desirable to put a filter material in the gas delivery hose 8. This filter material will prevent blocking of the restricted internal diameter fitting by debris. Refer to FIG. 5 where a suitable filter material 54 is shown being present in the gas delivery hose 8 ahead of the restricted internal dimension hose fitting or hose splice fitting 56. The filter material 54 may be made from but not limited to fine stainless steel or copper metal wool, fiberglass, porous bronze or any suitable material.

[0029] (e) Although the preferred embodiment incorporates a flexible shielding gas hose which is essentially round in shape with an essentially round ID it is possible to incorporate any shape as long as the volume of the internal dimension is about 0.1 to about 0.2 cubic inches per foot of hose for the preferred system. This would include but not be limited to a hose, which consists of an annulus where the center is filled with any appropriate material such that the net resultant gas containment volume is about 0.1 to about 0.2 cubic inches per foot.

CONCLUSION, RAMIFICATION, AND SCOPE

[0030] The shielding gas saving supply hose described in the invention reduces a major source of shielding gas waste in the MIG welding process. Once installed, it performs the gas saving function simply by employing a device with no moving parts and requiring no significant maintenance or interaction on the part of the welding operator. Installation is very simple and can be accomplished by replacing the existing hose and fittings with the new shielding gas saving, delivery hose and fittings. Alternately, for existing installations, the gas saver delivery hose can be spliced into the existing shortened ends of the original delivery hose while discarding most of that hose. Shielding gas waste can be decreased up to four fold by the use of the system. For the MIG process the surge of shielding gas at the start of the weld is significantly reduced by the use of the reduced volume shielding gas delivery hose. This gas surge with commonly used gas delivery hoses has been measured in excess of 100 CFH. This gas flow rate can be reduced by more than 50% by employing the reduced volume, gas saving delivery hose. This reduced surge improves weld starts by eliminating air aspiration into the shielding gas stream. A small amount of gas surge remains at the start which provides some extra shielding gas to purge air that diffuses into the torch system downstream of the solenoid when welding is stopped. 

I claim:
 1. A metal inert gas welding system which incorporates a shielding gas saving, delivery hose that transports shielding gas from a regulator and flow control device attached to a high pressure cylinder or gas pipeline to a mechanism that incorporates a gas solenoid or similar off-on device between said gas delivery hose and a welding torch; where said gas delivery hose: a) has a small inside diameter which is sufficient to allow the passage of shielding gas but avoids excess gas storage when welding is stopped, and b) has a sufficiently large outside diameter and sufficient wall thickness to enable said gas delivery hose to be adequately robust to endure a typical industrial environment.
 2. The shielding gas delivery hose of claim 1 wherein it: a) is greater than about 3 feet in length, and b) has an inside diameter which ranges from about 0.10 to about 0.15 inches, and c) has an outside diameter greater than about 0.30 inches.
 3. The shielding gas delivery hose of claim 1 further including its use for a tungsten inert gas welding system. Where said tungsten inert gas welding system incorporates a shielding gas control solenoid or a manually operated gas shut-off valve located on the tungsten inert gas torch.
 4. The shielding gas delivery hose of claim 2 further including its use for a tungsten inert gas welding system. Where said tungsten inert gas welding system incorporates a shielding gas control solenoid or a manually operated gas shut-off valve located on the tungsten inert gas torch.
 5. The shielding gas delivery hose of claim 1 wherein said gas delivery hose is connected by means of appropriate hose fittings or hose splice fittings with the fitting attaching said gas delivery hose at the gas solenoid end having a restricted internal diameter of about 0.4 to about 0.6 inches to further reduce gas surge flow at the weld start.
 6. The gas delivery hose of claim 2 wherein said gas delivery hose is connected by means of appropriate hose fittings or hose splice fittings with the fitting attaching said gas delivery hose at the gas solenoid end having a restricted internal diameter of about 0.4 to about 0.6 inches to further reduce gas surge flow at the weld start.
 7. The gas delivery hose and fitting assembly as described in claim 5 where a suitable filter material is placed in said gas delivery hose prior to the restricted internal diameter hose fitting or hose splice fitting.
 8. The gas delivery hose and fitting assembly as described in claim 6 where a suitable filter material is placed in said gas delivery hose prior to the restricted internal diameter hose fitting or hose splice fitting. 